By Cassandra Kane
June 21, 2018
Saving the mangroves to save the clams — and a way of life
7 min
On Colombia’s Pacific coast, women, many of them single mothers, collect clams called “piangua” by hand in the mangroves.
In this piece, Cassandra Kane of Conservation International’s Conservation Finance Division writes about an initiative that has helped Dulce’s community ensure their mangroves and pianguas are around well into the future.
SANTA BÁRBARA DE ISCUANDÉ, Colombia — The vibrant houses are built on 4-meter (13-foot) stilts, sheltering hundreds of Afro-Colombian families from the flooding tides.
Nearby, the dense tangle of stilt-like mangrove roots rises out of the thick mudflats, sheltering many of the families’ way of life: an unassuming but vital shellfish called the “piangua.”
In the southwest corner of the Nariño Department on Colombia’s Pacific coast, women clam collectors, called “piangueras,” forage in groups, often accompanied by their children as they harvest the clams at low tide.
These women are members of the 10 Afro-Colombian communities in the municipality of Santa Bárbara de Iscuandé that together form the Community Council Esfuerzo Pescador.
Few people in the communities actually eat the flavorful clams, which are rich in nutrients; instead, the piangueras sell their harvests to middlemen. Most of the black clams from Iscuandé end up in stews, ceviche or rice dishes in restaurants in Ecuador. There, in a country that has seen most of its coastal mangrove areas converted to shrimp farms, the black clam is considered a delicacy.
National guidelines were established to protect the piangua’s long-term sustainability. Clams must measure more than 5 centimeters (about 2 inches) in length to be harvested. Despite this, the pressure grew as more people, including from other communities, turned to the resource in hard times. When fish catch is low, fishers often turn to piangua as a last resort to supplement their income, collecting immature clams before they can reproduce. Outsiders also clear the mangroves to sell to an illegal market, activities that cannot be easily stopped by local authorities.
In 2014, the future did not look promising for the piangua population: 60 percent of extracted pianguas were less than 4 centimeters, which means that the clams were not mature enough to reproduce and sustain the population.
By 2017, though, 90 percent of extracted pianguas complied with the size rule.
So, what changed?
“When communities are given alternatives, they choose nature,” says Margarita Mora, managing director of Conservation International’s Conservation Stewards Program (CSP).
To help the Iscuandé communities conserve mangroves and recover the piangua population, Conservation International teamed up with local partners Asociacion Calidris and Fondo Acción and the regional environmental authority Corponariño in 2015.
The partners reached a deal with the 10 communities’ 2,200 residents, who agreed to not capture, sell or consume piangua smaller than the permissible size; identify and establish areas where people won’t catch piangua; help monitor piangua populations; and provide zoning input to protect 14,000 hectares (35,000 acres) of mangroves.
A poster on the wall of one of the community’s meeting halls summarizes their commitment to nature: ” ‘WE AGREE’ the Iscuandé river mouth is a place to preserve.”
In return, the clam collectors receive boots, gloves, T-shirts and balaclavas to make their work safer. Nearly 150 people have received leadership and administrative training. Also, 27 community members taught students traditional knowledge about piangua extraction and sustainable use of the mangrove ecosystem. The communities have also received funding to improve infrastructure, including the construction of wooden walkways between their houses.
“We have seen more piangua, and people who were not previously in the conservation agreement now want to join because they are seeing that it works,” said Ninfa, a pianguera from the community.
“The conservation agreement is another reason for us to adequately manage our territory,” said José Kennedy Castillo, president of the Community Council Esfuerzo Pescador.
A boon for biodiversity
The mangroves near Iscuandé are so tall that they dwarfed a local fisherman in his boat.
“If we preserve the mangrove, we will have piangua. If we do not take care of it, in five years there will be no more,” said Fanny Micolta, another pianguera from the community.
“Mangroves are our life, our livelihood,” said Maria Bety Arboleda, one of the local monitors. “They are priceless.”
Cassandra Kane is the communications manager for Conservation International’s Conservation Finance Division.
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