Insects and Other Invertebrates of the Konashen COCA, Guyana

© Piotr Naskrecki
© Piotr Naskrecki
 

Despite their small size, insects and other invertebrates are the most important animals in the Konashen forests. In fact, most other organisms, including humans, would not be able to exist if it were not for the ecosystem services provided by insects.

IN PHOTOS: View a gallery of invertebrates found on the 2006 Konashen Community-Owned Conservation Area (COCA) Rapid Assessment expedition.

On the most basic level, insects are in large part responsible for creating, fertilizing and aerating soil, which allows plants to grow. They remove and recycle organic matter, allowing nutrients trapped in dead leaves or manure to return to the soil and be reabsorbed by plants. But this is just the beginning. Without insects, most plants would never be able to reproduce as they rely on these animals both for pollination and seed dispersal. In fact, nearly every food item on our tables is dependent on this insect-plant relationship. Some foods, such as honey, coffee, and virtually all fruits and vegetables, are the result of the direct action of insects, while others, such as cereals or meats, are the indirect result of insect activities.

EXPEDITION: Follow our scientists into the Konashen COCA and see what they found.

There are over a million species of insects known, but many more remain undiscovered. The forests of the Konashen COCA harbor probably tens of thousands of species of insects and other invertebrates, some still unknown to science. Almost all invertebrates are completely harmless to humans, and only very few species transmit diseases, such as malaria. Even most scorpions and spiders are harmless, and their sting is no more dangerous than the sting of a common bee.

Along with insects, other invertebrates play vital roles in the complex ecosystem of the Konashen forests. Spiders and scorpions hunt flies and other insects, regulating their populations and preventing them from becoming too abundant. In addition to all of these services, invertebrates are also food for many larger organisms such as frogs, lizards, birds, and many mammals.

Ants

Ants are the most abundant animals in the forest, and their combined mass is equal to that of all mammals. Ants live in complex societies which can have thousands or even millions of workers. These workers take care of the single queen, who can live for many years and lay millions of eggs, and the developing larvae.

Ants feed on many different things: some are predators and hunt other insects, some feed on seeds and flowers, while others are omnivores and will collect any organic material. In the process of feeding and nest-building, ants perform many helpful services in the forest: they remove dead animals, disperse seeds, and improve the condition of the soil.

IN DEPTH: Follow along in the field with our ant team in the Konashen COCA forest.

Leafcutter ants (Atta spp.), also known as Yawko, are often seen carrying pieces of leaves on the forest floor to their underground nests. They do not eat the leaves, but use them to grow fungi in underground gardens. Later, they eat the fungi. Their behavior is very similar to farmers tending crops.
Goliath bird-eating spider

The Goliath bird-eating spider (Theraphosa blondi), also known as Mawanaru, is the largest spider in the world. Its leg span is nearly a foot, and its weight may exceed 120 g (4.2 oz).   Despite the name, these spiders feed primarily on insects, but are also known to catch lizards, frogs, or even adult mice. Their bite can be painful, but it is harmless to humans.
Butterflies

The beautiful, metallic-blue Morpho butterflies, also known as maperuperuma, are considered by some to be the most beautiful butterflies in the world. In Konashen they are common in the forest, especially along streams and rivers.

Butterflies in the Konashen COCA are not only beautiful, but also very important as members of the forest ecosystem. Adult butterflies pollinate plants, and many plants would not be able to produce fruits if they were not visited by butterflies. Caterpillars eat leaves of plants, but they themselves are also the main source of food for other animals, such as birds, lizards, or even monkeys.

Beetles

Jewel beetles (family Buprestidae), also known as Kmaka, are colorful insects that can be seen flying during the day in the forest. Their larvae develop in wood, and some species help recycle old tree logs and stumps. In some parts of the world, jewel beetles are used to make necklaces and other ornaments.

Dung beetles (family Scarabeidae), also known as Weeto iyamni, provide a very important ecosystem service to the forests of the Konashen District. They are recyclers of dung produced by mammals and other large animals, and allow for the nutrients trapped in dung to return to the soil.

IN DEPTH: Learn about the dung beetles found on our Konashen Expedition.

Female dung beetles bury dung in underground chambers and lay their eggs there. The developing larvae feed on the dung, and emerge as adult beetles a few months later.
Biting flies 

Biting flies (Lutozmyia sp.), also known as Tiroko, are insects that fly after dark, preying on the blood of other animals. They are similar to mosquitoes, but much smaller. Like mosquitoes they can transmit diseases. Leishmania is a disease that causes the development of painful wounds on the skin of a person bitten by these flies.

It is therefore important to avoid being bitten by sleeping under a mosquito net, wearing a long-sleeved shirt after sunset, and/or using insect repellant.

Freshwater Crabs

Freshwater crabs (Fredius sp.), also known as Xakawa, are common in the streams and rivers of the Konashen District, and can also be found on land, where they hide under rocks and logs. These animals are scavengers, feeding on dead fish and other organic matter, but will also hunt smaller animals, such as water insects and worms. The crabs are themselves food for large fish and caimans.

Katydids

Katydids, also known as Cey cey, such as this Leaf katydid (Cycloptera speculata), are very common in the forests of the Konashen District, but often very hard to find. They closely resemble the plants on which they feed, and during the day sit motionlessly among leaves.

The Peacock katydid (Pterochroza ocellata) looks like a dead leaf, and is very difficult to see when it is sitting on vegetation. But if something scares it, this insect suddenly displays a pair of colorful hind wings with large, false eyes. This is enough to scare off a bird or other small predator, and gives the katydid time to escape.

Most katydids become active only at night, when they start feeding and singing. All katydids produce sound by rubbing their wings together, but often the sound is too high-pitched for the human ear to hear it.

Katydids are important members of forest communities as herbivores and recyclers of dead organic material, and also as the primary food source for many larger animals. Some monkeys and many birds feed primarily on katydids.

IN DEPTH: Read about the discoveries made by the katydid team.

 

Plants  |  Invertebrates  |  Fishes  |  Amphibians  |  Reptiles  |  Birds  |  Mammals

donate now
Tell a friend
Features & Media