Figure 1. The world’s thirty-four biodiversity hotspots (numbers) and the location of all armed conflicts with >1000 casualties between 1950 and 2000 (points) (conflict data from Arnold 1991, Sarkees 2000, Gleditsch et al. 2002). Biodiversity Hotspots as follows: 1 – California Floristic Province; 2 – Polynesia-Micronesia; 3 – Madrean Pine-Oak Woodlands; 4 – Mesoamerica; 5 – Caribbean Islands; 6 – Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena; 7 - Tropical Andes; 8 – Chilean Winter Rainfall and Valdivian Forests; 9 – Cerrado; 10 – Atlantic Forest; 11 – Succulent Karoo; 12 – Cape Floristic Region; 13 – Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany; 14 – Madagascar and the Indian Ocean Islands; 15 – Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa; 16 – Eastern Afromontane; 17 – Horn of Africa; 18 – Guinean Forests of West Africa; 19 – Mediterranean Basin; 20 – Irano-Anatolian; 21 – Caucasus; 22 – Mountains of Central Asia; 23 – Himalaya; 24 – Western Ghats and Sri Lanka; 25 – Mountains of Southwest China; 26 – Indo-Burma; 27 – Sundaland; 28 – Philippines; 29 – Wallacea; 30 – Southwest Australia; 31 – Japan; 32 – East Melanesian Islands; 33 – New Caledonia; 34 – New Zealand.

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